Paper Detail

No Training, Better Flights: Test-Time Scaled VLMs for UAV Navigation

Feinan Cheng, Dongliang Xu, Wenli Nong, Zhiheng Zhang, Ang Liu, Tianyu Wang, Yue Yao

arxiv Score 16.8

Published 2026-07-21 · First seen 2026-07-22

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Abstract

Test-time scaling offers a promising method to improve the inference performance of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) without additional training. Existing approaches to vision-language navigation (VLN) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) typically relies on a single inference pass, which can falter in complex environments by producing suboptimal or unsafe trajectories. In this paper, we explore a simple and effective approach to apply test-time scaling to VLN for UAV. We enhance navigation reasoning through an iterative refinement process that requires no extra model training, guiding the model to re-evaluate its initial navigation plan for better accuracy and safety. Our method first prompts the model to generate multiple parallel candidates and then performs a self-correction step, achieving deeper and more robust planning without changing the underlying model. To further strengthen decision-making, we design a multi-criteria scoring function to evaluate the refined candidates based on safety, goal alignment, and forward-progress. This simple yet powerful combination enables a frozen UAV navigation VLMs to self-correct and generate more accurate and reliable flight plans, achieving SOTA performance in this task.

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BibTeX

@article{cheng2026no,
  title = {No Training, Better Flights: Test-Time Scaled VLMs for UAV Navigation},
  author = {Feinan Cheng and Dongliang Xu and Wenli Nong and Zhiheng Zhang and Ang Liu and Tianyu Wang and Yue Yao},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {Test-time scaling offers a promising method to improve the inference performance of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) without additional training. Existing approaches to vision-language navigation (VLN) for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) typically relies on a single inference pass, which can falter in complex environments by producing suboptimal or unsafe trajectories. In this paper, we explore a simple and effective approach to apply test-time scaling to VLN for UAV. We enhance navigation reasoning },
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.19288},
  keywords = {cs.CV, cs.RO},
  eprint = {2607.19288},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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