Paper Detail
Yinuo Yang, Zixian Ma, Manasi Ganti, Jieyu Zhang, Ranjay Krishna
We present a discriminative multimodal reward model that scores all candidate responses in a single forward pass. Conventional discriminative reward models evaluate each response independently, requiring multiple forward passes, one for each potential response. Our approach concatenates multiple responses with separator tokens and applies cross-entropy over their scalar scores, enabling direct comparative reasoning and efficient N-way preference learning. The multi-response design also yields up to Ntimes wall-clock speedup and FLOPs reduction over conventional single-response scoring. To enable N-way reward evaluation beyond existing pairwise benchmarks, we construct two new benchmarks: (1) MR^2Bench-Image contains human-annotated rankings over responses from 8 diverse models; (2) MR^2Bench-Video is a large-scale video-based reward benchmark derived from 94K crowdsourced pairwise human judgments over video question-answering spanning 19 models, denoised via preference graph ensemble. Both benchmarks provide 4-response evaluation variants sampled from the full rankings. Built on a 4B vision-language backbone with LoRA fine-tuning and a lightweight MLP value head, our model achieves state-of-the-art results on six multimodal reward benchmarks, including MR^2Bench-Image, MR^2Bench-Video, and four other existing benchmarks. Our model outperforms existing larger generative and discriminative reward models. We further demonstrate that our reward model, when used in reinforcement learning with GRPO, produces improved policy models that maintain performance across standard multimodal benchmarks while substantially improving open-ended generation quality, outperforming a single-response discriminative reward model (RM) baseline by a large margin in both training stability and open-ended generation quality.
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@misc{yang2026you,
title = {You Only Judge Once: Multi-response Reward Modeling in a Single Forward Pass},
author = {Yinuo Yang and Zixian Ma and Manasi Ganti and Jieyu Zhang and Ranjay Krishna},
year = {2026},
abstract = {We present a discriminative multimodal reward model that scores all candidate responses in a single forward pass. Conventional discriminative reward models evaluate each response independently, requiring multiple forward passes, one for each potential response. Our approach concatenates multiple responses with separator tokens and applies cross-entropy over their scalar scores, enabling direct comparative reasoning and efficient N-way preference learning. The multi-response design also yields up},
url = {https://huggingface.co/papers/2604.10966},
keywords = {discriminative reward model, cross-entropy, N-way preference learning, multi-response design, wall-clock speedup, FLOPs reduction, pairwise benchmarks, MR²Bench-Image, MR²Bench-Video, vision-language backbone, LoRA fine-tuning, MLP value head, reinforcement learning, GRPO, open-ended generation quality, huggingface daily},
eprint = {2604.10966},
archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}
{}