Paper Detail

iSDFT: Information-Proximal Self-Distillation for Continual Learning in LLMs

Ahmed Khaled Khamis, Xiaotong Ji, Hassan Jaber, Rasul Tutunov, Matthieu Zimmer, Jun Wang, Haitham Bou-Ammar

arxiv Score 24.5

Published 2026-09-21 · First seen 2026-09-22

Research Track A · General AI

Abstract

On-policy self-distillation fine-tuning (SDFT) learns new skills from demonstrations while reducing forgetting, but it always distils toward the full demonstration-conditioned teacher. This fixes teacher influence at the full-teacher endpoint, providing no control over how much demonstration information should be transferred at each prediction state. We introduce Information-Proximal SDFT (iSDFT), which instead treats the teacher as a budgeted source of information. At each token, iSDFT selects the distribution closest to the current student that satisfies a prescribed teacher-information constraint, yielding a closed-form exponential target with a locally determined tilt. To control cumulative drift, we further anchor the student to its frozen base policy. Across four heterogeneous LLM backbones and two specialisation tasks, iSDFT improves vanilla SDFT in 7 of 8 model-task settings and matches it in the remaining one. It also provides tighter retention on the original SDFT benchmark suite, with 73% of evaluations remaining within 0.5 points of the base model versus 52% for the strongest baseline, while achieving the largest mean improvement on all ten additional mathematics, coding, and competition-mathematics benchmarks. These results show that controlling how much and when teacher information is introduced improves specialisation while preserving broader capability.

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BibTeX

@article{khamis2026isdft,
  title = {iSDFT: Information-Proximal Self-Distillation for Continual Learning in LLMs},
  author = {Ahmed Khaled Khamis and Xiaotong Ji and Hassan Jaber and Rasul Tutunov and Matthieu Zimmer and Jun Wang and Haitham Bou-Ammar},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {On-policy self-distillation fine-tuning (SDFT) learns new skills from demonstrations while reducing forgetting, but it always distils toward the full demonstration-conditioned teacher. This fixes teacher influence at the full-teacher endpoint, providing no control over how much demonstration information should be transferred at each prediction state. We introduce Information-Proximal SDFT (iSDFT), which instead treats the teacher as a budgeted source of information. At each token, iSDFT selects },
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.24646},
  keywords = {cs.LG, cs.AI},
  eprint = {2609.24646},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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