Paper Detail

Fine-Tuning of Transformer models with Frames

Harshavardhan Adepu, Li Zhang, Sanjiv Kumar, Vikas Singh

arxiv Score 9.3

Published 2026-08-26 · First seen 2026-08-28

General AI

Abstract

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) strategies such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) are effective solutions for fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models; however, their memory requirements scale with the size of the model, $\mathcal{O}(dr)$, where $d$ is the model's hidden dimension and $r$ is the rank. Our proposal, FrameFT, models the parameter update $ΔW$ with a sparse coefficient matrix in a Fusion Frame basis. Fusion Frames can be generated algorithmically and shared across model layers, enabling very efficient updates. Only the sparse coefficients of the basis expansion are stored/optimized, reducing the memory footprint. The sparse structure of the coefficient matrix in FrameFT and the sparsity in the Fusion Frames give large compute benefits, and our analysis provides formal convergence results. We evaluate the idea across a suite of supervised fine-tuning benchmarks, focusing on language tasks, but also report application to vision models. Our experiments show that FrameFT achieves performance on par with/exceeding state-of-the-art PEFT techniques, but needs far fewer trainable parameters.

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BibTeX

@article{adepu2026fine,
  title = {Fine-Tuning of Transformer models with Frames},
  author = {Harshavardhan Adepu and Li Zhang and Sanjiv Kumar and Vikas Singh},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) strategies such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) are effective solutions for fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models; however, their memory requirements scale with the size of the model, \$\textbackslash{}mathcal\{O\}(dr)\$, where \$d\$ is the model's hidden dimension and \$r\$ is the rank. Our proposal, FrameFT, models the parameter update \$ΔW\$ with a sparse coefficient matrix in a Fusion Frame basis. Fusion Frames can be generated algorithmically and shared across model layers,},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.26430},
  keywords = {cs.AI},
  eprint = {2608.26430},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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