Paper Detail

BDH-CQ: In-Context Learning with Recurrent Latent Reasoning

Björn Engdahl, Adrian Kosowski, Jan Chorowski, Zuzanna Stamirowska, Przemysław Uznański, Junlin Jiang, Rohan Phadke, Remigiusz Kinas, Richard Zhong

arxiv Score 15.2

Published 2026-08-10 · First seen 2026-08-11

Research Track A · General AI

Abstract

We introduce BDH-CQ, a reasoning model that combines in-context learning with recurrent latent reasoning. Inputs presented at inference time continuously update the model's recurrent memory; the model then solves a query through iterative computation in a high-dimensional latent space, without verbalizing its intermediate reasoning. We evaluate the model on the public ARC-AGI-1 evaluation set and use controlled ARC-like interventions to study what it learns from demonstrations, how consistently it applies an inferred transformation, and which concepts remain difficult. A 150M-parameter configuration reaches 29.5% pass@2 at a computed inference cost of \$0.0007 per task. This operating point breaks through the previously reported ARC-AGI-1 cost-accuracy Pareto frontier, establishing a new state of the art in benchmark cost efficiency.

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BibTeX

@article{engdahl2026bdh,
  title = {BDH-CQ: In-Context Learning with Recurrent Latent Reasoning},
  author = {Björn Engdahl and Adrian Kosowski and Jan Chorowski and Zuzanna Stamirowska and Przemysław Uznański and Junlin Jiang and Rohan Phadke and Remigiusz Kinas and Richard Zhong},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {We introduce BDH-CQ, a reasoning model that combines in-context learning with recurrent latent reasoning. Inputs presented at inference time continuously update the model's recurrent memory; the model then solves a query through iterative computation in a high-dimensional latent space, without verbalizing its intermediate reasoning. We evaluate the model on the public ARC-AGI-1 evaluation set and use controlled ARC-like interventions to study what it learns from demonstrations, how consistently },
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.09888},
  keywords = {cs.NE, cs.AI, cs.LG, stat.ML},
  eprint = {2608.09888},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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