Paper Detail

The Condition-Number Barrier in Sparse Least Squares

Honghao Lin, Vahab Mirrokni, David P. Woodruff

arxiv Score 5.8

Published 2026-08-03 · First seen 2026-08-04

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Abstract

In [AS21], Axiotis and Sviridenko conjectured that the linear dependence on the restricted condition number in sparse convex optimization cannot be improved by a polynomial-time algorithm. We establish their conjectured lower bound for least-squares objectives, conditional on the randomized exact-volume Small-Set Expansion Hypothesis in the weighted regular-graph formulation of Raghavendra, Steurer, and Tulsiani [RST12]. Concretely, for every fixed $γ\in(0,1]$, there is no randomized polynomial-time algorithm that, with probability at least $2/3$, returns a vector $x$ such that, writing $s=\lVert x\rVert_0$, \[ \lVert Ax-b\rVert_2^2 \leq \min_{\lVert z\rVert_0\leq k}\lVert Az-b\rVert_2^2+\varepsilon \quad\text{and}\quad s=O\!\left(k\,κ_{s+k}^{\,1-γ}\right), \] where $κ_r$ is the restricted condition number at sparsity level $r$. The result holds even on rational instances with $A$ of full column rank. The proof was first obtained using a fully automated Gemini-based agentic system developed internally at Google. The authors have verified the proof and edited it for clarity of presentation.

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BibTeX

@article{lin2026condition,
  title = {The Condition-Number Barrier in Sparse Least Squares},
  author = {Honghao Lin and Vahab Mirrokni and David P. Woodruff},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {In [AS21], Axiotis and Sviridenko conjectured that the linear dependence on the restricted condition number in sparse convex optimization cannot be improved by a polynomial-time algorithm. We establish their conjectured lower bound for least-squares objectives, conditional on the randomized exact-volume Small-Set Expansion Hypothesis in the weighted regular-graph formulation of Raghavendra, Steurer, and Tulsiani [RST12]. Concretely, for every fixed \$γ\textbackslash{}in(0,1]\$, there is no randomized polynomial-},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.02588},
  keywords = {cs.DS, cs.LG},
  eprint = {2608.02588},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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