Paper Detail

KC-Agent: A Dual-Process Cognitive Architecture for Efficient ML Model Improvement

Gusseppe Bravo-Rocca, Jordi Guitart, Ajay Dholakia, David Ellison, Puneet Jain

arxiv Score 11.5

Published 2026-08-03 · First seen 2026-08-04

Research Track A · General AI

Abstract

Data drift poses significant challenges for machine learning systems in production, requiring continuous model updates to maintain performance. We present KC-Agent, a dual-process cognitive architecture for automated ML model improvement that combines fast pattern recognition (System 1) with deliberate incremental updates (System 2). Our approach implements structured memory systems enabling System 1 to leverage successful solutions previously discovered by System 2, achieving efficient pattern-based responses without costly re-computation. KC-Agent incorporates atomic change principles and rollback capabilities to ensure reliable, verifiable updates in production environments. We evaluate our method on five datasets including real-world NASA turbofan data with authentic temporal degradation and synthetic datasets with controlled drift scenarios. KC-Agent achieves state-of-the-art performance (76.8% accuracy) while maintaining optimal efficiency (13.2s execution time), outperforming established cognitive architectures: CodeAct (+2.4%), Tree of Thoughts (+3.6%), ReAct (+8.0%), and Reflexion (+8.9%). Consensus evaluation by a panel of state-of-the-art LLMs confirms superior strategic efficacy (8.33/10 Smartness score), significantly outperforming baseline agents. The knowledge consolidation mechanism delivers 91% speedup over the slow variant while maintaining higher accuracy. Our approach demonstrates both theoretical foundations and practical viability for cognitive-inspired automated ML improvement systems capable of handling complex real-world data drift scenarios.

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BibTeX

@article{bravorocca2026kc,
  title = {KC-Agent: A Dual-Process Cognitive Architecture for Efficient ML Model Improvement},
  author = {Gusseppe Bravo-Rocca and Jordi Guitart and Ajay Dholakia and David Ellison and Puneet Jain},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {Data drift poses significant challenges for machine learning systems in production, requiring continuous model updates to maintain performance. We present KC-Agent, a dual-process cognitive architecture for automated ML model improvement that combines fast pattern recognition (System 1) with deliberate incremental updates (System 2). Our approach implements structured memory systems enabling System 1 to leverage successful solutions previously discovered by System 2, achieving efficient pattern-},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.02351},
  keywords = {cs.AI},
  eprint = {2608.02351},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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