Paper Detail

Implicit Neural Representations for Multimodal Longitudinal Image Imputation and Interpolation

Sina Wendrich, Lukas Förner, Zoe Reinke, Kartikay Tehlan, Ansgar Berlis, Michael Frühwald, Matthias Wagner, Thomas Wendler

arxiv Score 7.8

Published 2026-08-03 · First seen 2026-08-04

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Abstract

Longitudinal multiparametric MRI is central to follow-up imaging in oncology, yet real-world clinical data are characterised by missing sequences, heterogeneous acquisition protocols, and varying spatial resolutions across time points. We propose a patient-specific conditional implicit neural representation (INR) that models multimodal longitudinal MRI as a continuous function of world coordinates, time, and modality conditioning. The model is trained with stochastic modality dropout to handle incomplete data, and its continuous coordinate-space formulation enables both spatial and temporal interpolation without resampling to a fixed voxel grid. A self-consistency-based confidence estimator is derived from cross-modal reconstruction performance at inference time. We evaluate the framework on longitudinal MRI from paediatric brain tumour patients, demonstrating statistically significant improvements over linear interpolation for T1CE and FLAIR (p < 0.05), with mean MS-SSIM of 0.95 $\pm$ 0.02 for T1CE. Predicted confidence correlates strongly with true reconstruction quality (Pearson r up to 0.996), suggesting reliable deployment potential in heterogeneous clinical settings.

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BibTeX

@article{wendrich2026implicit,
  title = {Implicit Neural Representations for Multimodal Longitudinal Image Imputation and Interpolation},
  author = {Sina Wendrich and Lukas Förner and Zoe Reinke and Kartikay Tehlan and Ansgar Berlis and Michael Frühwald and Matthias Wagner and Thomas Wendler},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {Longitudinal multiparametric MRI is central to follow-up imaging in oncology, yet real-world clinical data are characterised by missing sequences, heterogeneous acquisition protocols, and varying spatial resolutions across time points. We propose a patient-specific conditional implicit neural representation (INR) that models multimodal longitudinal MRI as a continuous function of world coordinates, time, and modality conditioning. The model is trained with stochastic modality dropout to handle i},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.02324},
  keywords = {cs.CV},
  eprint = {2608.02324},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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