Paper Detail

Stage-Aware Adaptation and Distribution Calibration for Subject-Driven Personalized Text-to-Image Generation

Wenyan Xu, Alizer Wong

arxiv Score 6.3

Published 2026-07-08 · First seen 2026-07-10

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Abstract

Subject-driven personalized text-to-image generation requires a pretrained diffusion model to acquire a specific subject from a few reference images while preserving subject identity, following novel text prompts, and maintaining sample diversity. Existing optimization-based methods instantiate subject adaptation through full fine-tuning, textual embedding optimization, or low-rank parameter updates; PaRa further constrains personalization from the perspective of parameter rank reduction. However, a uniform low-rank constraint or a uniform adapter strength cannot explicitly distinguish the capacity requirements of different denoising stages. Moreover, inference-time candidate selection driven mainly by identity similarity may compress the selected samples in the visual representation space. We decompose the problem into two complementary components: SPaRa denotes training-side stage-aware low-rank adaptation, DCAL denotes inference-side distribution-calibrated candidate selection, and SPaRa-DCAL denotes the combined framework. Theoretical analysis shows that timestep-dependent scaling controls the effective perturbation magnitude of a low-rank adapter, while identity-biased candidate selection restricts the radius of selected features around the reference center under explicit conditions. Auditable experiments under the SDXL and DreamBooth 30-subject protocol show that DCAL improves 1-LPIPS, CLIP-I, DINO-I, and CLIP-T on a fixed LoRA candidate pool, while revealing a clear trade-off with CLIP/DINO pairwise diversity and pairwise LPIPS. These results indicate that personalized generation should be evaluated through identity consistency, text alignment, and representation diversity rather than identity metrics alone.

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BibTeX

@article{xu2026stage,
  title = {Stage-Aware Adaptation and Distribution Calibration for Subject-Driven Personalized Text-to-Image Generation},
  author = {Wenyan Xu and Alizer Wong},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {Subject-driven personalized text-to-image generation requires a pretrained diffusion model to acquire a specific subject from a few reference images while preserving subject identity, following novel text prompts, and maintaining sample diversity. Existing optimization-based methods instantiate subject adaptation through full fine-tuning, textual embedding optimization, or low-rank parameter updates; PaRa further constrains personalization from the perspective of parameter rank reduction. Howeve},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.07173},
  keywords = {cs.CV},
  eprint = {2607.07173},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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