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Lei Bai, Zongsheng Cao, Yang Chen, Zhiyao Cui, Shangheng Du, Yue Fan, Shiyang Feng, Zijie Guo, Haonan He, Liang He, Xiaohan He, Shuyue Hu, Yusong Hu, Songtao Huang, Yichen Jiang, Hao Li, Xin Li, Dahua Lin, Weihao Lin, Fenghua Ling, Dongrui Liu, Zhuo Liu, Runmin Ma, Chunjiang Mu, Haoyang Peng, Tianshuo Peng, Jinxin Shi, Luohe Shi, Boyuan Sun, Zelin Tan, Shengji Tang, Qianyi Wang, Yiming Wu, Yi Xie, Xiangchao Yan, Jingqi Ye, Peng Ye, Fangchen Yu, Jiakang Yuan, Bihao Zhan, Bo Zhang, Chen Zhang, Shufei Zhang, Shuaiyu Zhang, Wenlong Zhang, Yiqun Zhang, Junpeng Zhao, Zhijie Zhong, Bowen Zhou, Yuhao Zhou
We introduce Agents-A1, a 35B Mixture-of-Experts Agentic Model that reaches trillion-parameter-level performance by scaling the agent horizon. We investigate agent-horizon scaling from two perspectives: scaling long-horizon trajectories and scaling heterogeneous agent abilities. To support this goal, we build a long-horizon knowledge-action infrastructure that connects external knowledge, actions, observations, and verifier outcomes, producing agentic trajectories with an average length of 45K tokens. Based on this, we train Agents-A1 with a three-stage recipe. First, we perform full-domain supervised fine-tuning to align the base model with broad agentic behaviors. Second, we train domain-level teacher models to capture specialized expertise in each domain. Third, we propose a multi-teacher domain-routed on-policy distillation with salient vocabulary alignment to improve knowledge transfer efficiency across different domains, unifying six heterogeneous domains into one deployable student model. Agents-A1 achieves strong and broad performance for long-horizon agent benchmarks. Compared with 1T-parameter model such as Kimi-K2.6 and DeepSeek-V4-pro, Agents-A1 achieves leading results on SEAL-0 (56.4), IFBench (80.6), HiPhO (46.4), FrontierScience-Olympiad (79.0), and MolBench-Bind (56.8), and remains highly competitive on SciCode (44.3), HLE (47.6) and BrowseComp (75.5). We hope this work provides the community with a practical path for scaling the horizon using a 35B agent that can reach or match the performance of 1T models on long-horizon tasks.
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@article{bai2026scaling,
title = {Scaling the Horizon, Not the Parameters: Reaching Trillion-Parameter Performance with a 35B Agent},
author = {Lei Bai and Zongsheng Cao and Yang Chen and Zhiyao Cui and Shangheng Du and Yue Fan and Shiyang Feng and Zijie Guo and Haonan He and Liang He and Xiaohan He and Shuyue Hu and Yusong Hu and Songtao Huang and Yichen Jiang and Hao Li and Xin Li and Dahua Lin and Weihao Lin and Fenghua Ling and Dongrui Liu and Zhuo Liu and Runmin Ma and Chunjiang Mu and Haoyang Peng and Tianshuo Peng and Jinxin Shi and Luohe Shi and Boyuan Sun and Zelin Tan and Shengji Tang and Qianyi Wang and Yiming Wu and Yi Xie and Xiangchao Yan and Jingqi Ye and Peng Ye and Fangchen Yu and Jiakang Yuan and Bihao Zhan and Bo Zhang and Chen Zhang and Shufei Zhang and Shuaiyu Zhang and Wenlong Zhang and Yiqun Zhang and Junpeng Zhao and Zhijie Zhong and Bowen Zhou and Yuhao Zhou},
year = {2026},
abstract = {We introduce Agents-A1, a 35B Mixture-of-Experts Agentic Model that reaches trillion-parameter-level performance by scaling the agent horizon. We investigate agent-horizon scaling from two perspectives: scaling long-horizon trajectories and scaling heterogeneous agent abilities. To support this goal, we build a long-horizon knowledge-action infrastructure that connects external knowledge, actions, observations, and verifier outcomes, producing agentic trajectories with an average length of 45K t},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.30616},
keywords = {cs.CL},
eprint = {2606.30616},
archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}
{}