Paper Detail

LESS Is More: Mutual-Stability Sampling for Diffusion Language Models

Amr Mohamed, Guokan Shang, Michalis Vazirgiannis

arxiv Score 13.3

Published 2026-06-15 · First seen 2026-06-16

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Abstract

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a promising alternative to autoregressive decoding by iteratively refining masked sequences, enabling parallel token updates and bidirectional conditioning. Their practical efficiency, however, is limited by sampling procedures that execute a fixed number of reverse denoising steps selected before decoding, spending computation on already-stable positions and sometimes committing unstable ones too early. We present \textsc{LESS}, a training-free, model-agnostic adaptive sampler that treats token commitment as an online stopping problem. \textsc{LESS} implements mutual-stability sampling through a joint stability rule that makes a masked position eligible for unmasking only when its top-1 prediction has high confidence, its top-1 token persists across recent reverse steps, and its predictive distribution is stable under top-$K$ inter-step Jensen--Shannon divergence. We evaluate \textsc{LESS} on Dream-7B, LLaDA-8B, and LLaDA-1.5-8B, covering full-sequence diffusion and semi-autoregressive blockwise sampling regimes, across seven benchmarks spanning general knowledge, math, and code. \textsc{LESS} improves average accuracy over strong training-free adaptive samplers while using $72.1\%$ fewer reverse steps than fixed-budget decoding. Since each reverse step requires a Transformer forward pass, these step-count reductions translate into fewer forward evaluations, lower measured wall-clock latency, and lower estimated inference compute.

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BibTeX

@article{mohamed2026less,
  title = {LESS Is More: Mutual-Stability Sampling for Diffusion Language Models},
  author = {Amr Mohamed and Guokan Shang and Michalis Vazirgiannis},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer a promising alternative to autoregressive decoding by iteratively refining masked sequences, enabling parallel token updates and bidirectional conditioning. Their practical efficiency, however, is limited by sampling procedures that execute a fixed number of reverse denoising steps selected before decoding, spending computation on already-stable positions and sometimes committing unstable ones too early. We present \textbackslash{}textsc\{LESS\}, a training-free, mod},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.16908},
  keywords = {cs.CL},
  eprint = {2606.16908},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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