Paper Detail
Cristobal Eyzaguirre, Jiajun Wu, Juan Carlos Niebles
Video vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly used in long-horizon and streaming settings, yet most video encoders still rely on spatiotemporal self-attention, causing compute and latency to grow quadratically with the number of frames. Existing efficiency methods improve scalability but often lose accuracy relative to full self-attention, for example through aggressive frame/token dropping or coarse attention approximations. We introduce StateKV, an inference-time method that adapts pretrained long-video VLMs to linear-time video prefill by carrying cross-frame context in a fixed-capacity, importance-based recurrent state, paired with a second full per-frame cache used for decoding. Across three long-video benchmarks and seven models spanning three families and multiple scales, StateKV remains close to full self-attention and consistently outperforms dominant sliding-window / recency-based streaming approximations, without fine-tuning or architectural changes. StateKV also reduces video-prefill cost measured FLOPs, enabling stronger accuracy at a fixed compute budget by running larger models. These results suggest a practical step toward scalable long-video understanding.
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@article{eyzaguirre2026linear,
title = {Linear Scaling Video VLMs for Long Video Understanding},
author = {Cristobal Eyzaguirre and Jiajun Wu and Juan Carlos Niebles},
year = {2026},
abstract = {Video vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly used in long-horizon and streaming settings, yet most video encoders still rely on spatiotemporal self-attention, causing compute and latency to grow quadratically with the number of frames. Existing efficiency methods improve scalability but often lose accuracy relative to full self-attention, for example through aggressive frame/token dropping or coarse attention approximations. We introduce StateKV, an inference-time method that adapts pret},
url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.31598},
keywords = {cs.CV},
eprint = {2605.31598},
archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}
{}