Paper Detail

EASE: Federated Multimodal Unlearning via Entanglement-Aware Anchor Closure

Zihao Ding, Beining Wu, Jun Huang

arxiv Score 7.2

Published 2026-05-01 · First seen 2026-05-04

General AI

Abstract

Federated Multimodal Learning (FML) trains multimodal models across decentralized clients while keeping their image-text pairs private. However, joint embedding training entangles forgotten knowledge across both modalities and client gradient subspaces, hindering federated unlearning. Previous federated unlearning approaches neither sever the cross-modal reconstruction channel mediated by bilinear coupling nor separate forget-exclusive update directions from those shared with retained clients. We identify an Anchor Principle for federated multimodal contrastive unlearning: forgotten alignments persist through three residual anchors arising from bilinear cross-modal coupling, principal-angle subspace entanglement, and continued federated updates. At the modality level, we show that bilateral displacement of both visual and language branches closes the cross-modal reconstruction channel. Correspondingly, our method addresses subspace entanglement through Cosine--Sine decomposition of client-update subspaces, isolating forget-exclusive directions from retain support. Moreover, we propose a direction-selective Forget Lock that bounds residual drift across rounds. Combining these strategies, we present EASE, an Entanglement-Aware Subspace Excision framework that closes all three anchor channels under a unified design. EASE demonstrates consistent superiority across multiple datasets and unlearning scenarios, for instance, matching the retrain reference to within 0.2 and 4.2 R@1 points on the forget and retain sides under client unlearning on Flickr30K with CLIP-B/32.

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BibTeX

@article{ding2026ease,
  title = {EASE: Federated Multimodal Unlearning via Entanglement-Aware Anchor Closure},
  author = {Zihao Ding and Beining Wu and Jun Huang},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {Federated Multimodal Learning (FML) trains multimodal models across decentralized clients while keeping their image-text pairs private. However, joint embedding training entangles forgotten knowledge across both modalities and client gradient subspaces, hindering federated unlearning. Previous federated unlearning approaches neither sever the cross-modal reconstruction channel mediated by bilinear coupling nor separate forget-exclusive update directions from those shared with retained clients. W},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.00733},
  keywords = {cs.NI, cs.AI, cs.LG, cs.MM},
  eprint = {2605.00733},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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