Paper Detail

Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventions

Manuela González-González, Soufiane Belharbi, Muhammad Osama Zeeshan, Masoumeh Sharafi, Muhammad Haseeb Aslam, Lorenzo Sia, Nicolas Richet, Marco Pedersoli, Alessandro Lameiras Koerich, Simon L Bacon, Eric Granger

arxiv Score 12.3

Published 2026-04-13 · First seen 2026-04-14

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Abstract

Using behavioural science, health interventions focus on behaviour change by providing a framework to help patients acquire and maintain healthy habits that improve medical outcomes. In-person interventions are costly and difficult to scale, especially in resource-limited regions. Digital health interventions offer a cost-effective approach, potentially supporting independent living and self-management. Automating such interventions, especially through machine learning, has gained considerable attention recently. Ambivalence and hesitancy (A/H) play a primary role for individuals to delay, avoid, or abandon health interventions. A/H are subtle and conflicting emotions that place a person in a state between positive and negative evaluations of a behaviour, or between acceptance and refusal to engage in it. They manifest as affective inconsistency across modalities or within a modality, such as language, facial, vocal expressions, and body language. While experts can be trained to recognize A/H, integrating them into digital health interventions is costly and less effective. Automatic A/H recognition is therefore critical for the personalization and cost-effectiveness of digital health interventions. Here, we explore the application of deep learning models for A/H recognition in videos, a multi-modal task by nature. In particular, this paper covers three learning setups: supervised learning, unsupervised domain adaptation for personalization, and zero-shot inference via large language models (LLMs). Our experiments are conducted on the unique and recently published BAH video dataset for A/H recognition. Our results show limited performance, suggesting that more adapted multi-modal models are required for accurate A/H recognition. Better methods for modeling spatio-temporal and multimodal fusion are necessary to leverage conflicts within/across modalities.

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BibTeX

@article{gonzlezgonzlez2026ambivalence,
  title = {Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventions},
  author = {Manuela González-González and Soufiane Belharbi and Muhammad Osama Zeeshan and Masoumeh Sharafi and Muhammad Haseeb Aslam and Lorenzo Sia and Nicolas Richet and Marco Pedersoli and Alessandro Lameiras Koerich and Simon L Bacon and Eric Granger},
  year = {2026},
  abstract = {Using behavioural science, health interventions focus on behaviour change by providing a framework to help patients acquire and maintain healthy habits that improve medical outcomes. In-person interventions are costly and difficult to scale, especially in resource-limited regions. Digital health interventions offer a cost-effective approach, potentially supporting independent living and self-management. Automating such interventions, especially through machine learning, has gained considerable a},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.11730},
  keywords = {cs.CV, cs.HC, cs.LG},
  eprint = {2604.11730},
  archiveprefix = {arXiv},
}

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